Joint seminar on 'State and Private Policing in Belle Époque Europ Diego Palacios Cerezales (Stirling) "Militias and the Monopoly of Force in Portugal after 1910 revolution" Anja Johansen (Dundee) "State Repression and Structures of Un-Accountability for Police and Army in Republican France and Imperial Germany 1880s-1914"   e'